旧约 - 申命记(Deuteronomy)第4章

Hear now, O Israel, the decrees and laws I am about to teach you. Follow them so that you may live and may go in and take possession of the land that the LORD, the God of your fathers, is giving you.
Do not add to what I command you and do not subtract from it, but keep the commands of the LORD your God that I give you.
You saw with your own eyes what the LORD did at Baal Peor. The LORD your God destroyed from among you everyone who followed the Baal of Peor,
but all of you who held fast to the LORD your God are still alive today.
See, I have taught you decrees and laws as the LORD my God commanded me, so that you may follow them in the land you are entering to take possession of it.
Observe them carefully, for this will show your wisdom and understanding to the nations, who will hear about all these decrees and say, "Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people."
What other nation is so great as to have their gods near them the way the LORD our God is near us whenever we pray to him?
And what other nation is so great as to have such righteous decrees and laws as this body of laws I am setting before you today?
Only be careful, and watch yourselves closely so that you do not forget the things your eyes have seen or let them slip from your heart as long as you live. Teach them to your children and to their children after them.
Remember the day you stood before the LORD your God at Horeb, when he said to me, "Assemble the people before me to hear my words so that they may learn to revere me as long as they live in the land and may teach them to their children."
You came near and stood at the foot of the mountain while it blazed with fire to the very heavens, with black clouds and deep darkness.
Then the LORD spoke to you out of the fire. You heard the sound of words but saw no form; there was only a voice.
He declared to you his covenant, the Ten Commandments, which he commanded you to follow and then wrote them on two stone tablets.
And the LORD directed me at that time to teach you the decrees and laws you are to follow in the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess.
You saw no form of any kind the day the LORD spoke to you at Horeb out of the fire. Therefore watch yourselves very carefully,
so that you do not become corrupt and make for yourselves an idol, an image of any shape, whether formed like a man or a woman,
or like any animal on earth or any bird that flies in the air,
or like any creature that moves along the ground or any fish in the waters below.
And when you look up to the sky and see the sun, the moon and the stars--all the heavenly array--do not be enticed into bowing down to them and worshiping things the LORD your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven.
But as for you, the LORD took you and brought you out of the iron-smelting furnace, out of Egypt, to be the people of his inheritance, as you now are.
The LORD was angry with me because of you, and he solemnly swore that I would not cross the Jordan and enter the good land the LORD your God is giving you as your inheritance.
I will die in this land; I will not cross the Jordan; but you are about to cross over and take possession of that good land.
Be careful not to forget the covenant of the LORD your God that he made with you; do not make for yourselves an idol in the form of anything the LORD your God has forbidden.
For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God.
After you have had children and grandchildren and have lived in the land a long time--if you then become corrupt and make any kind of idol, doing evil in the eyes of the LORD your God and provoking him to anger,
I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you this day that you will quickly perish from the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess. You will not live there long but will certainly be destroyed.
The LORD will scatter you among the peoples, and only a few of you will survive among the nations to which the LORD will drive you.
There you will worship man-made gods of wood and stone, which cannot see or hear or eat or smell.
But if from there you seek the LORD your God, you will find him if you look for him with all your heart and with all your soul.
When you are in distress and all these things have happened to you, then in later days you will return to the LORD your God and obey him.
For the LORD your God is a merciful God; he will not abandon or destroy you or forget the covenant with your forefathers, which he confirmed to them by oath.
Ask now about the former days, long before your time, from the day God created man on the earth; ask from one end of the heavens to the other. Has anything so great as this ever happened, or has anything like it ever been heard of?
Has any other people heard the voice of God speaking out of fire, as you have, and lived?
Has any god ever tried to take for himself one nation out of another nation, by testings, by miraculous signs and wonders, by war, by a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, or by great and awesome deeds, like all the things the LORD your God did for you in Egypt before your very eyes?
You were shown these things so that you might know that the LORD is God; besides him there is no other.
From heaven he made you hear his voice to discipline you. On earth he showed you his great fire, and you heard his words from out of the fire.
Because he loved your forefathers and chose their descendants after them, he brought you out of Egypt by his Presence and his great strength,
to drive out before you nations greater and stronger than you and to bring you into their land to give it to you for your inheritance, as it is today.
Acknowledge and take to heart this day that the LORD is God in heaven above and on the earth below. There is no other.
Keep his decrees and commands, which I am giving you today, so that it may go well with you and your children after you and that you may live long in the land the LORD your God gives you for all time.
Then Moses set aside three cities east of the Jordan,
to which anyone who had killed a person could flee if he had unintentionally killed his neighbor without malice aforethought. He could flee into one of these cities and save his life.
The cities were these: Bezer in the desert plateau, for the Reubenites; Ramoth in Gilead, for the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, for the Manassites.
This is the law Moses set before the Israelites.
These are the stipulations, decrees and laws Moses gave them when they came out of Egypt
and were in the valley near Beth Peor east of the Jordan, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon and was defeated by Moses and the Israelites as they came out of Egypt.
They took possession of his land and the land of Og king of Bashan, the two Amorite kings east of the Jordan.
This land extended from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Gorge to Mount Siyon (that is, Hermon),
and included all the Arabah east of the Jordan, as far as the Sea of the Arabah, below the slopes of Pisgah.
申命记第四章   第 4 章 

  申 4:2> 神的律法不可加添、删减!耶稣时代以至今世,仍有人要替神把话说得更清楚── 

  4:2 神的命令,人不可加添,也不可删减,这是指什么而言?这些命令(律法)是神完备的话语,人类以有限的智慧与知识,怎能润饰祂完全的律法?人在神的律法上有所加添,就是画蛇添足;如果删减,则使之缺欠。所以这律法不可有丝毫更改。擅改神律法者,就是妄自尊大,以为高过赐律法的神(参太 5:17-19 ; 15:3-9 ;启 22:18-19 )。当主耶稣在世为人的时候,一班宗教领袖所做的正是如此,他们把自己所定的条例,高举到与神律法同等的地步,所以主斥责他们(参太 23:1-4 )。 

  申 4:8> 神是这样看重祂所赐下的律法,我们却总以为他们已经过时…… 

  4:8 神赐给以色列人的律法,对现代的基督徒是否仍适用?祂赐律法的目的,是要引导万民过健康、正直、敬虔的生活。律法的目的是要指出人的罪(或可能犯的罪),并且告诉人对付罪的恰当方法。神律法的核心是十条诫命,三千多年前适用,今日也一样适用;因为它宣告神喜悦何种生活方式,并充分说明神是怎样的一位神,祂要人过的是怎样的生活。 

  不过除了十诫以外,神也赐下其他的律法,它们是否同样重要呢?神从来没有颁发过一条毫无意义的律法。我们在摩西五经之中,读到许多律法,是专门针对那个时代与那种文化习俗中的人的。某些专门的律法对我们也许未必适用,但是它内中的真理或原则,却不受时限,精义仍存。例如,基督徒在敬拜神时毋须献上牲祭,但是其中使罪得赦及感谢神的道理仍然适用。古人以牲畜献祭,是预表末后主耶稣基督为我们所献的祭,就是祂自己。新约说,耶稣基督以祂的受死与复活成全了旧约的律法,那就是旧约律法帮助我们省察自己的罪,改正自己的恶行,而主耶稣基督能除去我们的罪。祂是我们最佳的榜样,因为只有祂完全顺服神的律法,并活出了律法的真正内涵。 

  申 4:9> 免得忘记,总要传给下一代──恐怕我们未传给下一代已忘了…… 

  4:9 摩西要百姓不要忘记他们亲眼所见的神的作为,又叫他们把神所行的伟大神迹传讲给儿女,也藉此提醒作父母的牢记神的信实,把神的伟大作为代代相传下去。我们很容易忘记神在自己身上所行的大事,但是通过把亲眼所见神信实的大作为告诉儿女与亲友,也可以使自己温故知新。 

  申 4:19> 起初神就说明了憎恶偶像;从起初到现在,人类都不断地犯…… 

  4:19 其他民族拜偶像,神同样不饶恕,只是审判可能延迟,但对以色列人的审判则来得又快又彻底,因为他们知道神的律法。我们必须牢记,拜偶像不仅是在家中放一个泥塑木雕,或是金属的神像,拜偶像即委身于其他邪恶的事情和信仰,有分于偶像所代表的习俗(像杀人、淫乱、残酷的战争、以自我为中心)。此外迷信人或野兽的能力,敬拜在天空运行的日月星辰,不理会创造他们的神,都是拜偶像的行为。因为神在以色列人的历史之中已经亲自显明,所以人拜祂以外的一切都罪不可恕。 

  申 4:24> 不要犯错,犯错祂也许不原谅我──其实祂已为我们预备了…… 

  4:24 神是烧灭人的烈火。因为祂的性情是完美的,所以恨恶罪恶,不能容忍人犯罪。摩西的罪使他进不了应许之地,虽献祭也不能免除惩罚。罪虽然使我们不能到神面前,但是耶稣基督为我们的罪付出赎价,藉着祂的死,我们得以被赦罪。信靠耶稣基督,能使你免遭神的震怒,并使你开始与祂建立关系。 

  申 4:24> 忌邪原来可解作嫉妒,但,我神竟也会嫉妒?…… 

  4:24 忌邪,亦可译作嫉妒。神的嫉妒乃是指神要求人单单爱祂,对祂忠诚。人若看见别人比自己强而嫉妒是有害的,但人要求妻子对作丈夫的专一,则是合理的。同样,神为维护自己的尊严与圣洁,向我们提出严肃而专一的要求也是正确的,即我们必须单单敬拜事奉祂(耶和华),不许向其他偶像献媚、膜拜,因为宇宙之中除了耶和华,再无别的神值得我们敬拜。 

  申 4:29> 只要尽心尽性寻求神,就可以寻见神?但神好像很远的── 

  4:29 神应许以色列人,只要尽心尽性地寻求祂,就必寻见。你想认识祂吗?人可以认识祂,祂也渴望被人认识,不过我们要先有渴慕认识祂的心。当存真诚虔敬之心,来遵行敬拜事奉的条例。如新约所说,凡“到神面前来的人,必须信有神,且信他赏赐那寻求他的人。”(来 11:6 )祂要报答那些专心与祂建立关系的人。 

  申 4:32> 世间的人和事都好像较神来得实在;但摩西为何会这样高举神? 

  4:32 我们常被引诱,去从别处寻求指引,而不去寻求神。我们信靠医生、财经顾问、甚至报导新闻的时事评论员,但是否信靠神呢?我们应当先求问祂的意见( 4:39-40 ),承认祂有权全面管理我们的生活。 

  申 4:40> 若遵守律例诫命就可以得福,为何仍有那么多不愉快的事发生? 

  4:40 神是否保证以色列人,谨守祂的律法就会亨通呢?答案是肯定的,不过必须仔细地看它所指的是什么。神的律法是为叫祂的选民又健康、又公正,且心存怜悯。遵行律法,就凡事亨通。不过,这并不是说在他们中间从此疾病、悲哀与误会全部绝迹,而是指这个民族会全族兴旺,个人的问题也会得到公正地解决。神现在也应许人亨通──祂永远与信祂之人同在,赐下资源,叫人富足,而我们应当将这一切与众信徒分享。主耶稣早已告诉我们,试炼难免,但是我们可以避免存心犯罪,更知道在天上有无尽的财宝,等着我们去领取。──《灵修版圣经注释》