旧约 - 撒母耳记下(2 Samuel)第3章

The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time. David grew stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.
Sons were born to David in Hebron: His firstborn was Amnon the son of Ahinoam of Jezreel;
his second, Kileab the son of Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; the third, Absalom the son of Maacah daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;
the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;
and the sixth, Ithream the son of David's wife Eglah. These were born to David in Hebron.
During the war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner had been strengthening his own position in the house of Saul.
Now Saul had had a concubine named Rizpah daughter of Aiah. And Ish-Bosheth said to Abner, "Why did you sleep with my father's concubine?"
Abner was very angry because of what Ish-Bosheth said and he answered, "Am I a dog's head--on Judah's side? This very day I am loyal to the house of your father Saul and to his family and friends. I haven't handed you over to David. Yet now you accuse me of an offense involving this woman!
May God deal with Abner, be it ever so severely, if I do not do for David what the LORD promised him on oath
and transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and establish David's throne over Israel and Judah from Dan to Beersheba."
Ish-Bosheth did not dare to say another word to Abner, because he was afraid of him.
Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, "Whose land is it? Make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you."
"Good," said David. "I will make an agreement with you. But I demand one thing of you: Do not come into my presence unless you bring Michal daughter of Saul when you come to see me."
Then David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, demanding, "Give me my wife Michal, whom I betrothed to myself for the price of a hundred Philistine foreskins."
So Ish-Bosheth gave orders and had her taken away from her husband Paltiel son of Laish.
Her husband, however, went with her, weeping behind her all the way to Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, "Go back home!" So he went back.
Abner conferred with the elders of Israel and said, "For some time you have wanted to make David your king.
Now do it! For the LORD promised David, 'By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.'"
Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. Then he went to Hebron to tell David everything that Israel and the whole house of Benjamin wanted to do.
When Abner, who had twenty men with him, came to David at Hebron, David prepared a feast for him and his men.
Then Abner said to David, "Let me go at once and assemble all Israel for my lord the king, so that they may make a compact with you, and that you may rule over all that your heart desires." So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.
Just then David's men and Joab returned from a raid and brought with them a great deal of plunder. But Abner was no longer with David in Hebron, because David had sent him away, and he had gone in peace.
When Joab and all the soldiers with him arrived, he was told that Abner son of Ner had come to the king and that the king had sent him away and that he had gone in peace.
So Joab went to the king and said, "What have you done? Look, Abner came to you. Why did you let him go? Now he is gone!
You know Abner son of Ner; he came to deceive you and observe your movements and find out everything you are doing."
Joab then left David and sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the well of Sirah. But David did not know it.
Now when Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the gateway, as though to speak with him privately. And there, to avenge the blood of his brother Asahel, Joab stabbed him in the stomach, and he died.
Later, when David heard about this, he said, "I and my kingdom are forever innocent before the LORD concerning the blood of Abner son of Ner.
May his blood fall upon the head of Joab and upon all his father's house! May Joab's house never be without someone who has a running sore or leprosy or who leans on a crutch or who falls by the sword or who lacks food."
(Joab and his brother Abishai murdered Abner because he had killed their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon.)
Then David said to Joab and all the people with him, "Tear your clothes and put on sackcloth and walk in mourning in front of Abner." King David himself walked behind the bier.
They buried Abner in Hebron, and the king wept aloud at Abner's tomb. All the people wept also.
The king sang this lament for Abner: "Should Abner have died as the lawless die?
Your hands were not bound, your feet were not fettered. You fell as one falls before wicked men." And all the people wept over him again.
Then they all came and urged David to eat something while it was still day; but David took an oath, saying, "May God deal with me, be it ever so severely, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun sets!"
All the people took note and were pleased; indeed, everything the king did pleased them.
So on that day all the people and all Israel knew that the king had no part in the murder of Abner son of Ner.
Then the king said to his men, "Do you not realize that a prince and a great man has fallen in Israel this day?
And today, though I am the anointed king, I am weak, and these sons of Zeruiah are too strong for me. May the LORD repay the evildoer according to his evil deeds!"
撒母耳记下第三章   第 3 章 

  撒下 3:1> 人与人之间的争端,往往起于眼前的得失,这种短视的眼光怎样才可以突破? 

  3:1 第二章所记载的事件发生以后,大卫家与忠于押尼珥和伊施波设的军队之间,就有了长期的战争,双方都损失惨重,也动摇了国家的基础。这场战争的兴起是因为以色列与犹大都没有看到神的异象,也忘记了神要他们定居在迦南的原意(参创 12:7 )是要他们赶出迦南人(参申 7:1-4 )、遵行神的律法(参申 8:1 ),百姓没有联合一致完成使命,反而彼此争战。在你面对冲突的时候,先想想你与对方有没有高过双方歧见的共同目标。要放眼彼此共通的地方,努力解决争端。 

  撒下 3:2-5> 大卫在家庭中所遇到的问题,是否在某程度上也困扰着我? 

  3:2-5 大卫因妻妾众多,困扰不休。昔日的社会习俗虽容许君王多妻,但神早就有明令禁止(参申 17:14-17 )。大卫众妻妾所生的众儿女,令他吃尽苦头,他的儿子有强奸同父异母之妹的( 13:14 ),有谋杀的( 13:28 ),还有背叛( 15:13 )与贪图王位的(参王上 1:5-6 )。这一切皆因同父异母兄弟之间嫉妒争竞所致。大卫的儿子,也是他的王位继承人所罗门娶了更多的妻妾妃嫔,而其中的外邦女子引他偏离了神(参王上 11:3-4 )。 

  撒下 3:6-7> 押尼珥的做法意味着什么? 

  3:6-7 与君王的妻妾同寝,就是宣告得到王位;臣仆这样行,就表示不忠和叛国。由于伊施波设软弱无能,押尼珥统管全国,所以他觉得与扫罗的妾侍同寝乃是合法合理的事,不过伊施波设已看出押尼珥的权力太大。 

  撒下 3:7> 持守信念是顶不容易的事,然而若能赢得神的称赞,我会…… 

  3:7 伊施波设公开指责押尼珥也许是对的,但是他没有道德力量来支持自己的威望( 3:11 )。缺少道德支柱,是以色列以后的四百年中祸乱的根源。在以后的四十个君王之中,只有四个被认为是好的(敬畏神的)。持定你的信念,对抗错谬、面对反对势力很需要勇气与魄力。若你认定某些事是错的,就不要畏惧人的反对,而轻易放弃自己的立场。要坚定不屈,拒绝错谬,持定真理。 

  撒下 3:8> 押尼珥何以敢痛骂王? 

  3:8 押尼珥说“我岂是犹大家的狗头呢?”,意味着“我岂是私通犹大的卖国贼呢?”他可能反驳伊施波设说他有篡位的图谋,也可能是向伊施波设发怒,因为刚刚把他扶上王位,就受他责骂。在此以前,押尼珥已经看出难以阻挡大卫作以色列的王,现在既对伊施波设发怒,就定计要将以色列国交给大卫。 

  撒下 3:13-14> 事隔多年,发妻已为人妇,大卫为何还要讨回米甲? 

  3:13-14 大卫奋勇作战立下功勋,他杀死非利士巨人歌利亚后,扫罗便将女儿米甲嫁给他作为奖赏(参撒上 17:25 ; 18:24-27 ),后来因扫罗的嫉妒恼怒,又将女儿从大卫家夺回,强迫她改嫁给帕提(参撒上 25:44 )。现在大卫要得回妻子,然后才与北方的支派和谈。大卫也许仍然爱米甲(不过在 6:20-23 之中,却记载他们意见相左),也可能是他认为以扫罗女婿的身分,更适合作全以色列的王,而且可以消除扫罗家的敌意。帕提只是因扫罗的嫉妒而被卷入漩涡中的牺牲品。 

  撒下 3:19> 长老们为什么支持押尼珥的行动? 

  3:19 扫罗、伊施波设、押尼珥都属于便雅悯支派,这支派众长老支持押尼珥把国交给大卫,他们很可能捐弃支派的成见和嫉妒心,一心想要国家统一。 

  押尼珥 

  撒下 3:26-29> 怨恨容易使人以恶报恶,我心中是否也隐藏着一些怨怼,忘记伸冤在神? 

  3:26-29 约押没有让神来伸冤,反而自行报押尼珥杀他兄弟之仇。但是报仇使他自己也遭灾(参王上 2:31-34 )。罪有应得之人,神必报应(参罗 12:19 ),不要因仇敌遭难就幸灾乐祸,更不要图谋报复。存心报复会使你心里失去平安,并增加冤冤相报的机会。 

  撒下 3:27> 冤冤相报,不单种下深仇,而且更是对神的律法的蔑视…… 

  3:27 押尼珥出于自卫,杀了约押的兄弟亚撒黑,约押则为了报兄弟之仇,也为着保全自己作以色列军事领袖的地位,杀死了押尼珥。出于自卫而杀人的,在逃城之中应得保障(参民 35:22-25 )。约押在逃城希伯仑(参书 20:7 )施行报复、杀害押尼珥,显示他毫不尊重神的律法。 

  撒下 3:29> 大卫因何震怒,以致诅咒约押? 

  3:29 大卫说,约押的后裔必不洁净、不健康并且贫穷缺乏。他为何这样严厉地咒诅约押呢?他为押尼珥的死而恼怒,是因为:( 1 )他痛失一位能征善战的军事英才。( 2 )他想表明谋杀押尼珥的罪责在于约押,不在于他自己。( 3 )他作以色列全族之王已经在望,他要招降北方众支派,押尼珥本是个关键的人物,现在押尼珥的死可能令内战死灰复燃。( 4 )约押破坏了大卫保护押尼珥的约定。约押谋害人,破坏了大卫的计划,而这罪魁祸首竟是大卫的元帅,难怪大卫如此震怒! 

  撒下 3:31> 大卫的哀哭意味着什么? 

  3:31 大卫跟在灵柩后面哭,表示丧礼由他主持。 

  撒下 3:31-39> 让凶手为受害人哀哭,大卫此举的用心是── 

  3:31-39 大卫吩咐约押为押尼珥哀哭,可能由于很少人知道真凶正是约押,而且大卫也不想再惹麻烦。如果他真是这么考虑的话,大卫就是看坚固国位重于秉行公义了。 

  撒下 3:39> 大卫为什么不秉行公义,惩罚约押? 

  3:39 大卫提到约押与亚比筛,二人乃是洗鲁雅的儿子。大卫尤其难以驾驭约押,尽管他对大卫忠心忠诚,却我行我素、倔强顽强;不过大卫为了得他的效忠,甘愿对他的事作弹性处理,没有严加惩处。 

  约押谋害押尼珥,显明根本不服王法。大卫虽然不满他的恶行,却容许他不受惩罚,因为( 1 )处罚约押,军队可能造反;( 2 )约押是他的外甥,严惩他会引起家庭纷争;( 3 )约押也是出于犹大支派,大卫不愿意自己支派众叛亲离;( 4 )约押治军有方,除掉他会失去能征善战的元帅。──《灵修版圣经注释》