旧约 - 耶利米书（Jeremiah）第52章

Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

And he did that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.

For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, till he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it, and built forts against it round about.

So the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah.

And in the fourth month, in the ninth day of the month, the famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the land.

Then the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled, and went forth out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king's garden; (now the Chaldeans were by the city round about:) and they went by the way of the plain.

But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.

Then they took the king, and carried him up unto the king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath; where he gave judgment upon him.

And the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes: he slew also all the princes of Judah in Riblah.

Then he put out the eyes of Zedekiah; and the king of Babylon bound him in chains, and carried him to Babylon, and put him in prison till the day of his death.

Now in the fifth month, in the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard, which served the king of Babylon, into Jerusalem,

And burned the house of the LORD, and the king's house; and all the houses of Jerusalem, and all the houses of the great men, burned he with fire:

And all the army of the Chaldeans, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down all the walls of Jerusalem round about.

Then Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive certain of the poor of the people, and the residue of the people that remained in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the multitude.

But Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard left certain of the poor of the land for vinedressers and for husbandmen.

Also the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, and the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, the Chaldeans brake, and carried all the brass of them to Babylon.

The caldrons also, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the bowls, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away.

And the basons, and the firepans, and the bowls, and the caldrons, and the candlesticks, and the spoons, and the cups; that which was of gold in gold, and that which was of silver in silver, took the captain of the guard away.

The two pillars, one sea, and twelve brasen bulls that were under the bases, which king Solomon had made in the house of the LORD: the brass of all these vessels was without weight.

And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow.

And a chapiter of brass was upon it; and the height of one chapiter was five cubits, with network and pomegranates upon the chapiters round about, all of brass. The second pillar also and the pomegranates were like unto these.

And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side; and all the pomegranates upon the network were an hundred round about.

And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door:

He took also out of the city an eunuch, which had the charge of the men of war; and seven men of them that were near the king's person, which were found in the city; and the principal scribe of the host, who mustered the people of the land; and threescore men of the people of the land, that were found in the midst of the city.

So Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took them, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah.

And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death in Riblah in the land of Hamath. Thus Judah was carried away captive out of his own land.

This is the people whom Nebuchadrezzar carried away captive: in the seventh year three thousand Jews and three and twenty:

In the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar he carried away captive from Jerusalem eight hundred thirty and two persons:

In the three and twentieth year of Nebuchadrezzar Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive of the Jews seven hundred forty and five persons: all the persons were four thousand and six hundred.

And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, in the five and twentieth day of the month, that Evilmerodach king of Babylon in the first year of his reign lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah, and brought him forth out of prison,

And spake kindly unto him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon,

And changed his prison garments: and he did continually eat bread before him all the days of his life.

And for his diet, there was a continual diet given him of the king of Babylon, every day a portion until the day of his death, all the days of his life.

耶利米书第五十二章　　第 52 章　

　　耶 52 章 > 先知的预言真的应验了……　

　　52 章　这章经文进一步详述第 39 章记载耶路撒冷沦陷的情景（相关的记载请参王下 24:18-25:21 ）。从本篇经文所见，耶利米所说的有关耶路撒冷沦陷和被掳至巴比伦的预言，真的一一应验了。（有关西底家的详细资料，请参 39 章注释。）　

　　耶 52:8-9> 西底家王被带到的利比拉在何地？　

　　52:8-9　利比拉位于耶路撒冷以北约三百公里处，是巴比伦直辖区的总部，哈马是亚兰的一个区，其中包括亚兰的首都。　

　　耶 52:21> 52:21 一肘约等于 0.5 公尺。　

　　耶 52:31> 约雅斤得到善待，是他的运气吗？　

　　52:31 巴比伦王善待约雅斤，于公元前 561 年提他出牢，并且让他与巴比伦王一起用膳。神不断以慈爱对待大卫王的后裔，在他们被掳的日子也不例外。　

　　耶 52:34> 用世人的眼光看，耶利米不是成功人士，我呢？我是个成功之人吗？以神的标准看呢？　

　　52:34 在世人眼中，耶利米一点也谈不上成功。他没有钱财，也没有家人和朋友。他虽然一再预言自己的国家即将灭亡、首都被敌人破坏、圣殿被毁，可是没有一个政治和宗教领袖听他的忠告，也没有群众拥戴他、听从他。然而，我们回顾历史，就能清楚看见这位先知成功地完成了神所托付他的使命。成功不是用是否受人欢迎、名誉地位或是金钱财富来衡量的，因为这些东西都是转瞬即逝的。以西底家王为例，他一心只求个人利益，结果一无所有。神是以顺服、忠心和义行来衡量成功的。如果你能忠心耿耿、矢志不渝地完成祂的托付，你在祂眼里就是成功的人。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

讲道材料　　耶利米书第五十二章　

　　拾 　结语（五十二章）　

　　闭幕（五十二 1-34 ）　

　　五十一章以‘耶利米的话到此为止’一语作结。在当前这卷书的处境中，在五十一章五十九至六十四节给我们最后瞥见之耶利米，从他的说话和行动来看，这话是正确的。但那象征行动，在历史上既不是他最后的话──这事出自他工作的中期──它也不是这卷书的结尾。由于耶利米的事工大都指明耶路撒冷必遭毁灭，它记载这事件就给这卷书拉下帷幕，作一了结。这段记载，除了有轻微的修改外，其余乃取自列王纪下廿四章十八节至廿五章三十节的。　

　　关于这资料的详细注解载于列王纪下那一册。这段记载与列王纪下不同的地方，主要在于廿八至三十节表中所说犹太人三次被掳往巴比伦的人数：第一次于主前五九八年，第二次于主前五八七年，第三次于主前五八二年，这最后一次大概是基大利被行刺后巴比伦人采取惩罚措施的结果。所列举的数目不大，而且它们与我们在列王纪下所见的颇有差异。在主前五九八年第一次的流放中，列王纪下廿四章十四和十六节列举出超过万人，然而这一章只说有三千多人（ 28 节）。如果廿八至三十节所说的总数四千六百人，只是指壮丁，那么必定约有一万五千或二万犹太人（男人、妇人，和儿童）在十六年多的期间中被流放。然而，许多别的人必定在巴比伦人进攻时身亡，尤其是在主前五八七年最后围城和劫掠的时候。流放一开始，犹太人 体的生活中心由犹大移至巴比伦达五十年之久，并且引致犹太人对自己的生活与信仰进行基本的再思与重塑（不过值得牢记的是：耶利米哀歌，就是我们在下面将要查考的，是出自那些遗留在破都的少量人口之手）。在这一章中我们发现历史默默地见证先知话语的真确性。　

　　我们回顾浏览耶利米书的过程时，留在我们心思中最生动的是什么呢？人的勇气？……人的诚实？……人的孤独？……人的忠心？……是的，所有都是，但的确还不只如此。在这卷书中那些持久的神学真理和要求是什么呢？它，正如圣经中其他各卷一样，以不同的方式对不同的人说话，但有两件事似乎突显了出来。　

　　（一）书中挑战我们要小心，不可把我们信仰的要素，与我们生活中的礼仪混淆。耶利米认为他周围极多忙碌的宗教狂热表现是毫无意义而且是侮辱上帝的。有许多事物是他同胞视为宗教生活的必需品：在耶路撒冷的圣殿，就是上帝在地上的居所，连同那些严肃的礼仪；还有不会被摧毁的城，就是上帝的城。先知说，你们必须学习不靠这些而生活。最后，只有上帝是不可少的，而且我们必不能、而且决不可把祂禁锢在我们那些最尊崇而又最神圣的传统中。有时似乎我们宁愿为我们的传统死而不为上帝活。那并不是说传统、教会生活的模式、敬拜的形式不重要；它们不是不重要，但它们所有都不是上帝，而且我们若假定它们是，我们便有祸了。　

　　（二）我们怎样知道上帝今日有什么话对我们说呢？在耶利米时代有许多人，包括先知们，都确信他们知道上帝要对他们说什么话，他们其实是错误的。他们并不诚实，他们反映他们当日宗教界的共同意见，但他们是错误的。我们怎样能真正知道上帝的话，这卷书没有给我们提供简单的答案，却作出极多警告，就是人纵使更诚恳，却极其容易把上帝的旨意与我们自己的愿望，或与我们自己国家，或与我们自己教会的愿望混淆了。要知道上帝说的话，对耶利米来说，就是要走上易受攻击的道路──极易受人误会，又对自己产生疑惑。上帝的话已临到，而且现在正临到那些准备等候并准备与上帝角力的人，而不是临到那些徒托空言的人。──《每日研经丛书》　

耶利米书第五十二章　　Ⅲ　历史补篇（五十二 1 ～ 34 ）　

　　这一部分记载了耶路撒冷陷落前的景况，编者和列王纪下的编纂者很可能选录自同样的史料，而耶利米并非此史料的作者。历史补篇之所以被安置于此，目的可能在显示耶利米的预言已然成就。若将此章和三十九章相较，会发现内容有些许差异。这里记载了圣殿敬拜器具被夺去，但却对尼布甲尼撒下令保护耶利米一事只字未提。　

　　1 ～ 3. 　哈慕她是约西亚的妻子，也是约哈斯和西底家的母亲（参：王下二十三 31 ，二十四 18 ）。马索拉经文 3 节的用辞有点棘手，给人的印象是：神的忿怒造成犹大的不法充斥，而非犹大之不法惹动神的忿怒。　

　　4 ～ 11. 　公元前五八八年一月初，耶路撒冷开始被围困，西底家作王第九年应指公元前五八九／八年。 6 节的四月是公元前五八七年七月，此月份的算法乃从巴比伦新年（即三／四月）开始。 7 节马索拉经文应依循三十九 4 的内容，将西底家包括在逃亡者中。关于利比拉，参三十九 5 。西底家被囚禁一事，并未见于列王纪下二十五 7 。　

　　12 ～ 16. 　这里的初十日（ 12 节），在列王纪下二十五 8 作“初七日”，两者的差别可能在于，是否把尼布撒拉旦抵达耶路撒冷和毁灭开始之间的那几日计算在内。有关尼布撒拉旦的职称，见三十九 9 注释。 AV ， RV 中 15 节末的大众 \cs8 ，乃依据马索拉经文　ha{~a{mo^n （众人）而译，但这很可能是误抄自　ha{~a{mman （技工）。译成“技工”仍非确定的译法，因为至今仍无法完全证实技工的意思是否可表达　~a{mo^n 的意思，虽然　NEB 接受此译法。 16 节 yo^g#b[i^m （ RSV ：耕种田地的人； NEB ：工人）的意思亦不明确，但其字根可能指强迫服务，意即无薪酬的劳工。　

　　17 ～ 23. 　这段记叙了从圣殿掠走作战利品的敬拜器具，它补充了列王纪下二十五 13 ～ 17 类似的经文。有些器物的性质仍无法确定。铜海（参：王上七 23 ～ 26 ）是直径十肘的大盆，安置在四群各自面向东西南北的铜牛之上。许多大件物品都被打碎，以方便掠走。耶路撒冷在此之前亦曾遭抢夺（王上十四 25 ～ 26 ），现在又再度被劫掠。这里提到的金属制品多半是青铜器，此外还有金的、银的物件，以及赤铜制的杯。两根铜柱（ 20 节）的作用不得而知（参：王上七 15 及下），但它们可能用来作标灯或是火的祭坛。这种柱子在公元前一千年间亚兰人设计的殿中十分常见。 81　这里提到十八肘（ 21 节），表示历代志下三 15 所记载的长度，是两个柱子长度之总和。石榴（ 22 节）是近东常见的装饰，大祭司的袍上亦有此装饰（出二十八 33 ）。此处正描述第二根柱子的装饰时，文字突告中断，显示经文有所遗漏。马索拉经文的　ru^h]a{h （ 23 节）被译成在周围（ RV 、 RSV ）或历历在目（ NEB ），很可能是误抄自 \cs16　rewah] （空间；参：各英译本创三十二 16 ；和合：空闲的地方）。根据列王纪上七 20 、 42 ，每个柱头各有两百个石榴排成两行。　

　　24 ～ 27. 　西莱雅是希勒家的孙子，希勒家在约西亚时担任大祭司，其族谱可追溯至亚伦（参各英译本：代上六 13 ～ 15 ）；而西番亚则可能是二十九 24 ～ 32 和三十七 3 提过的人。管理兵丁的官（ AV 、 NEB ：太监）显然是职级相当高的副手，负责召集全民前往作战。如果国民（各英译本）事实上就是农民，他们可能象征性地代表余民而被处死。　

　　28 ～ 30. 　依照巴比伦的算法，第七年，就是公元前五九八／七年。这里记载的人数和列王纪下二十四 14 、 16 有所出入。 3,023 可能是被掳的成年男子的确实数目，而列王纪所记的数字可能包括所有被掳之民。十八年（ 29 节），依巴比伦的算法应是公元前五八七／六年。列王纪下二十五 8 保留了犹太人的算法，列王纪下二十四 12 亦然；后者和 28 节相对应（列王纪下二十五 8 则和 29 节相对应）。二十三年，即公元前五八二／一年。　

　　31 ～ 34. 　尼布甲尼撒之子以未米罗达继位，以未米罗达亦即亚美玛尔杜克（ Amel-Marduk ），在位仅一年（公元前 561 ～ 560 年），他给予犹大王室较好的待遇。从已毁的巴比伦伊施他尔门出土的泥版，证实约雅斤的确受到以未米罗达的恩待。 82　这些残酷的历史事实，发生在戏剧化的属灵事件后，可作为高潮迭起之后的跋。耶利米的信息长久以来一直受到同胞的嘲弄，但却奇妙地与历史的演变一致。神预示的审判最终还是临到祂背道、拜偶像的子民，而炼净、管教他们的被掳生涯于焉开始。虽然有此令人惊骇的灾祸，但神的子民仍有盼望，因为神必复兴祂的子民，并将忠于祂的余民带回故土。　

　　81　见 D. J. Wiseman, NBD , p. 593.　

　　82 W. F. Albright, The Biblical Archaeologist (1942), V, pp. 49ff.; A. Oppenheim, ANET , p. 308; D. W. Thomas, Documents

　　from Old Testament Times , pp. 84ff.　

　　──《丁道尔圣经注释》　

旧约 - 耶利米书（Jeremiah）第52章

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