旧约 - 列王记下(2 Kings)第17章

In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, but not as the kings of Israel that were before him.
Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents.
And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.
Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years.
In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.
For so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,
And walked in the statutes of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they had made.
And the children of Israel did secretly those things that were not right against the LORD their God, and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city.
And they set them up images and groves in every high hill, and under every green tree:
And there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the heathen whom the LORD carried away before them; and wrought wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger:
For they served idols, whereof the LORD had said unto them, Ye shall not do this thing.
Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.
Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks, like to the neck of their fathers, that did not believe in the LORD their God.
And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified against them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and went after the heathen that were round about them, concerning whom the LORD had charged them, that they should not do like them.
And they left all the commandments of the LORD their God, and made them molten images, even two calves, and made a grove, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal.
And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.
Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only.
Also Judah kept not the commandments of the LORD their God, but walked in the statutes of Israel which they made.
And the LORD rejected all the seed of Israel, and afflicted them, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, until he had cast them out of his sight.
For he rent Israel from the house of David; and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king: and Jeroboam drave Israel from following the LORD, and made them sin a great sin.
For the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they departed not from them;
Until the LORD removed Israel out of his sight, as he had said by all his servants the prophets. So was Israel carried away out of their own land to Assyria unto this day.
And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Ava, and from Hamath, and from Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel: and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.
And so it was at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they feared not the LORD: therefore the LORD sent lions among them, which slew some of them.
Wherefore they spake to the king of Assyria, saying, The nations which thou hast removed, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the manner of the God of the land: therefore he hath sent lions among them, and, behold, they slay them, because they know not the manner of the God of the land.
Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, Carry thither one of the priests whom ye brought from thence; and let them go and dwell there, and let him teach them the manner of the God of the land.
Then one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and dwelt in Bethel, and taught them how they should fear the LORD.
Howbeit every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities wherein they dwelt.
And the men of Babylon made Succothbenoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima,
And the Avites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt their children in fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.
So they feared the LORD, and made unto themselves of the lowest of them priests of the high places, which sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places.
They feared the LORD, and served their own gods, after the manner of the nations whom they carried away from thence.
Unto this day they do after the former manners: they fear not the LORD, neither do they after their statutes, or after their ordinances, or after the law and commandment which the LORD commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel;
With whom the LORD had made a covenant, and charged them, saying, Ye shall not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them:
But the LORD, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great power and a stretched out arm, him shall ye fear, and him shall ye worship, and to him shall ye do sacrifice.
And the statutes, and the ordinances, and the law, and the commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shall observe to do for evermore; and ye shall not fear other gods.
And the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; neither shall ye fear other gods.
But the LORD your God ye shall fear; and he shall deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies.
Howbeit they did not hearken, but they did after their former manner.
So these nations feared the LORD, and served their graven images, both their children, and their children's children: as did their fathers, so do they unto this day.
列王纪下第十七章   第 17 章 

  王下 17:3> 何细亚怎样导致以色列灭国? 

  17:3 这位亚述王可能是撒缦以色五世,他在提革拉毗列色(公元前 727-722 )之后作王。他继续要求以色列向他进贡,以色列的何细亚王决定背叛他,与埃及王梭联盟( 17:4 )。这样做既愚昧又违背神的命令。撒缦以色为了粉碎他的阴谋,率兵围攻撒马利亚三年。不过他在破城之前驾崩,继任人撒珥根二世攻占撒马利亚,乘势灭了以色列国,掳去他们的人民。 

  以色列人被掳 

  王下 17:5-6> 灭国后以色列民的命运如何? 

  17:5-6 这是亚述第三次,也是最后一次入侵以色列(前两次记在 15:19 与 15:29 之中)。第一次攻击仅仅是对以色列的警告──要向亚述进贡、不可背叛,免得再受攻击。他们应当明白这是神藉亚述来教训他们,从而回转归向神。但他们既没有学到功课,神就容许亚述人再次入侵,并从北部掳去一些人民。然而他们仍不晓得遭灾是他们离弃神的缘故。如此亚述三次来犯,最后将以色列国完全消灭,掳去大多数的人民,并将异族人安置在以色列地。 

  神言出必行(参申 28 ),祂已经给以色列充分的警告了,他们明知后果,仍不理会神,因此落得和约书亚时代被消灭的各异教民族同样的下场。他们变成败坏之民,背弃了神对他们原定的旨意──尊敬祂并成为世界的光。 

  列王(及被掳)时代的众先知 

  王下 17:7-17> 以色列人被掳的祸根是什么?我从中所得教训是…… 

  17:7-17 耶和华审判以色列民,因为他们效法列国的歪风,敬拜假神、随从异俗、任意而行。创立自己的宗教是危险的,而人都自私自利,像以色列人那样为自己而活,结果受神惩罚。信从神虽有时艰难痛苦,但是我们应当深思悖逆会有什么后果。是选择为神而活?或是为自己而死?应当立志做个属神的人,遵祂命令而行,甘付任何代价。神对你的看法,比周围的人对你的看法远为重要(参罗 12:1-2 ;约壹 2:15-17 )。 

  王下 17:9> 明知神是无所不知的,为何我还在暗中犯罪呢? 

  17:9 以色列的败亡是因为公然犯罪,又在暗中行恶。他们不但公开认同恶事、拜偶像,暗地里更加堕落。暗中犯的罪,是我们不愿意别人知道的恶,因为那是使人难堪或显示我们有罪的事。但是暗中犯的罪绝对瞒不过神;其实暗地里抗拒神跟公开悖逆一样,都是后患无穷的。 

  王下 17:13-15> 以色列咎由自取的下场,告诫我们在神怜悯时…… 

  17:13-15 以色列人效法不敬拜真神的邻族,沾染了偶像崇拜的恶习,忘记了顺服神的话语是何其重要、何等有福,使君民同陷入罪的泥坑。神虽一再差遣先知来警告,他们却硬着颈项,不听神的呼召回转。 

  神的忍耐与怜悯远超我们的想像,祂希望不停地提醒我们回心转意。但如果人一味心肠刚硬、冥顽不灵的话,祂的审判必然很快就临到;惟一的生路是尽早回归转向神,免得我们顽梗悖逆,无可挽回。 

  王下 17:17> 有人把信仰与对邪灵邪术的迷信混为一谈,我怎样阐释和见证独一真神呢? 

  17:17 占卜是一种巫术,行法术是求问邪灵。各种巫术、占卜(也可称为“算命的”)与法术皆为神所禁止(参申 18:9-14 ),因为他们不寻求神的大能、祂的律法和祂的话语。先知以赛亚回应这律例,预言从事这类迷信活动的人,都必然被除灭(赛 8:19-22 )。 

  王下 17:23> 今天怎样把先知的话语当作动力?我怎样看待时候近了? 

  17:23 正如神的先知所警告的,以色列人被亚述人掳去。神所预言的事必然会成就。对于信而顺服祂的人,这当然是好消息──对祂的应许能更加坚信不移;对于轻慢神、不顺服神的人则是坏消息。神在圣经所赐下的警戒和应许,最后都要成就。 

  亚述王置异族于以色列地 

  王下 17:24> 撒马利亚人的由来…… 

  17:24 将以色列人迁出,把异族安置在以色列地,是亚述帝国防止叛乱的政策。将掳来之民分散在亚述全境,不让他们团结一致;将异族人置于以色列地则使余剩的人不能保持自己的习俗,难以再团结造反。安置在以色列地的混杂民族,后来被称为撒马利亚人。直到基督的时代,他们都受犹太人轻视(参约 4:9 )。 

  王下 17:27-29> 今天有人崇尚多神,怎样告诉他独一真神的大能与性情呢? 

  17:27-29 以色列地的新移民虽然敬拜神,却没有放弃异教习俗。他们敬拜神只是为免天怒,不是为讨祂喜悦、行祂旨意,乃是把祂当作幸运之符,当作偶像中的一位。现代人也有这样的心态。许多人说信奉神,又不放弃神所遣责的行为,只把神加在我们已有的价值观上。必须让神居首位,我们要用祂的话语来陶造我们的态度与行为。 

  王下 17:29-31> 人妄图造神,下场将怎样? 

  17:29-31 以色列被亚述打败,因为他们不认识独一的真神,不知道要一心信靠神。昔日他们占领应许之地时,神吩咐要除灭异教的余孽,免得他们受诱惑偏离神。他们没有遵从,就自取败亡。随着许多异教民族的移入,带来了更多的假神。──《灵修版圣经注释》